2. XML, SGML and HTML: a historical perspective
2.1 XML and SGML
XML is directly derived from SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), the generic markup language conceived in the early 1980s and adopted in 1986 as an ISO standard under the reference ISO 8879, which has since undergone various amendments. The W3C specification itself defines XML as "a subset of SGML whose purpose is to enable generic SGML to be transmitted, received and processed on the Web in the same way as HTML is today".
The basic principle of XML is therefore by no means a technological novelty conceived in the late 1990s, as the fad that accompanied its discovery and subsequent adoption by the Web technical community implicitly suggested. However, while SGML's use was essentially confined to the field of heavy documentary applications...
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XML, SGML and HTML: a historical perspective
XML syntax
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The wealth of information available on XML is considerable, whether in the form of books, articles or online information. The books currently available cover the whole spectrum, from introductory works to advanced guides for programmers on standards, tools and APIs.
Among the most interesting websites are the following three, which act as gateways to the XML world.
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