Chain Polymerization Processes

Synthetic polymers play an important role in the chemical industry, and are used in all sectors of the economy. This article follows on from [J 5 830] , which deals with free-radical and ionic chain polymerization chemistries, and discusses the implementation of these reactions in the main industrial polymer manufacturing processes. One of the specificities of polymerization reactions is inherent in the synthesis of high-molecular-weight macromolecules, which can lead to viscous reaction media limiting diffusional and thermal exchanges. Polymerization processes must therefore be designed to meet these specific constraints. Depending on the properties and applications required, polymerization can be carried out in homogeneous or heterogeneous media (dispersed media). Polymerization can also be carried out continuously or discontinuously (continuous or batch operation).

In particular, ethylene, styrene and vinyl chloride polymerization processes are described. Catalytic olefin polymerization processes are also covered [J 1 260] . The polymerization of ε-caprolactam and lactones is also discussed.