3. Overview of bioethanol production processes
Bioethanol is essentially produced by fermentation of sugars and starch-rich materials. A distinction is usually made between several generations of bioethanol, depending on the source of the raw material (see box):
first-generation bioethanol produced by hydrolysis and then fermentation of plants rich in cellulose, starch or hemicellulose;
second-generation bioethanol produced by hydrolysis and fermentation of lignocellulose-rich plants;
third-generation bioethanol produced enzymatically on microalgae or yeast.
The latter technology essentially produces oils (which can be upgraded to biodiesel), but research is underway to steer this third-generation biofuel towards ethanol production. What's more, growing microalgae requires large quantities...
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Overview of bioethanol production processes
Pure ethanol steam reforming
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