4. Analysis of chemical composition
Various techniques are available to determine the chemical functions present on membrane surfaces: attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (IR-ATR), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), also known as electron spectrometry for chemical analysis (ESCA). Some of these techniques can also be used for in-depth chemical analysis.
4.1 Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR)
Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful analytical tool for characterizing and identifying organic molecules. It is the most widely used spectroscopic technique for characterizing new membranes. In attenuated total reflection mode, this spectroscopy enables the identification of functional groups...
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Analysis of chemical composition
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