3. Model equations and formulation

The system to be modeled is defined by quantities that characterize :

• its dimensions (volume, exchange area, etc.) ;

• its operation (heating, reflux, etc.) ;

• its internal state (T, P, compositions, physical properties...) ;

• flows (matter, energy, information) exchanged with the external environment.

This system is associated with a system of equations which, based on a certain amount of information (model inputs), characterizes the system's physical outputs (calculated values).

Here, we focus on phenomenological models. These models are based on the fundamental laws of physics. We present here only the types of equations used to construct the models. We refer the reader to the chapters...