4. Case studies
We chose two industrialized reactions using catalysts operating in the stationary state in oxidized mode (bismuth molybdates) or (partially) reduced mode ("M1" phase, oxovanadium phosphates).
4.1 Ammoxidation of propane and propene to acrylic acid or acrylonitrile
Around 5 million tons/year (2004) of acrylonitrile (ACN) are produced worldwide from propene, with a growth rate of 4% per year, and some fifty plants manufacture it using the SOHIO process (now BP America). ACN is used for 43% of acrylic fiber synthesis (and must therefore be over 99.4% pure), 14% for ABS/SAN fibers, 3% for rubber and the remainder in numerous specialty products.
Prior to 1960, the raw material for the IG-Farben process was acetylene, or ethylene epoxide, which...
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Case studies
Conclusions and outlook
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