3. UV laser ablation extraction

Laser ablation uses the energy of photons with wavelengths in the ultraviolet (UV) range (100 nm < λ < 400 nm) to ablate rather than fuse matter by breaking bonds. Two laser families exist in this wavelength range: excimers (exited dimer ), where the lasing effect is obtained with the energy transitions permitted with a rare gas dimer (Ar ₂ , Kr ₂ , Xe ₂ ), and exciplexes, (excited complex ), where the same phenomenon is obtained but from a complex composed of a rare gas atom (Ne, Ar, Kr or Xe) and a halogen (F, Cl, Br).