4. Foam manufacturing principle

4.1 Ingredients

To adapt the composition, the manufacturer starts with a mixture of milk and dairy cream, to which he adds the various additives to obtain an oil/water emulsion-type mix, which he then mixes with a gas. The challenge is to develop a "robust" formula – , i.e. one whose final characteristics are not too sensitive to accidental variations in the formulation and process parameters –, in order to simultaneously manufacture a product that is reproducible and stable over time. Depending on the composition chosen and the manufacturing conditions, the product will be more or less easy to obtain and more or less stable. As we shall see later, low-fat formulas, increasingly...