Article | REF: J2260 V3

Technology watch in formulation

Author: Henri DOU

Publication date: October 10, 2025 | Lire en français

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2. Formal sources of information

Formal information refers to scientific and technical publications, patents, and books. This information is generally validated. However, its lifespan varies due to changing constraints and standards, and also because published information always lags behind current thinking – due to the work and material delays involved in publication –, which can take up to a year.

This paragraph addresses two important aspects:

  • One concerns commercial databases, the cost of which (payment per bibliographic reference and time spent) can quickly become prohibitive.

  • The other concerns the use of free information, which allows users to gain a significant amount of knowledge on the subject before moving on to paid databases (if necessary).

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