1. Gibbs phase rule
Any pure substance (e.g. water, acetone, etc.) can exist in any of the 3 main physical states of matter (solid, liquid, vapor). There are, however, particular values of temperature and pressure for which the pure body can be two-phase (presence of 2 phases in equilibrium), or even three-phase (presence of three phases in equilibrium).
The number of phases in which a pure body can simultaneously be found is governed by Gibbs' phase rule. This rule states that the variance var of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium containing a pure body is :
with :
- ϕ :
-
number of phases present.
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Gibbs phase rule
Pure body definitions
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