8. Glossary

Here are a few geological and geology-related terms and disciplines of interest to the civil engineering community.

Lithology

Refers to the nature (name) of the different types of soil or rock that make up a geological formation.

Geological formation

A geological entity with identifiable common features that can be mapped on the regular geological map of an area (scale 1/50,000 in France). Formations generally constitute the basic entities of a regular geological map, but can be made up of several lithologies. A sedimentary formation is frequently referred to as the equivalent of a stratigraphic stage or part of one. Several formations make up a series or group.

Lithostratigraphy

Stratigraphy based on the lithological (not paleontological)...