12. Machining

Refractory steels and alloys are characterized by low thermal conductivity and high work hardenability. These characteristics imply high cutting forces.

• Recommendations for successful machining

  • machine the material in its softest state;

  • use a positive-cutting insert, as it shears the chip efficiently. By moving the chip away from the workpiece, it reduces the risk of edge build-up and surface hardening;

  • choose only a sharp edge: blunt edges can increase cutting forces and reduce surface quality, especially for finishing;

  • if possible (depending on the part geometry), use inserts with a large nose radius: a larger part of the tool is then introduced into the pass, reducing cutting forces);...