9. Reloading

9.1 Anti-oxidation intermetallic coatings – Thermal barriers

Hardfacing involves coating the surface of the base steel with a refractory steel or alloy. Hardfacing techniques generally use an automatic welding process:

• solid flux (powder) arc hardfacing using multiple electrodes ;

• electrically conductive slag cladding using a steel strip. This process reduces dilution and ensures high productivity;

• gas-shielded recharging with a wire electrode.

Penetration into the base metal should be limited to 1.5 mm for arc processes and 0.5 mm for the electro-slag process. Given the thickness of the hardfacing (5 to 10 mm), 3 layers are generally...