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Applied to alloyed or unalloyed carbon steels after martensitic and/or martensitic-bainitic hardening, tempering (cf. ) is designed to precipitate carbon in a controlled form and under controlled conditions in order to achieve optimum hardening. This operation generates a structural evolution from the metastable state obtained after quenching to a state closer to physico-chemical equilibrium.
Eventually, this tempering may cause residual austenite to transform into bainite during holding, or into secondary martensite during final cooling.
As a special case, we consider the tempering of iron alloys containing alloying elements (other than carbon) preserved in supersaturated solid solution by quenching after they have been dissolved at high temperature. This case will be dealt...
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Predicting steel response to quenching followed by tempering
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"Metal treatments"
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