4. Equipment for the industrial implementation of these treatments

4.1 Energy sources

We won't go back over laser, electron beam or plasma torch sources, which are widely described in reference [44] , and we'll go into a little more detail about induction treatment.

Induction sources, or generators, powered at mains frequency, supply the inductor with the desired frequency and active power, with steep initial ramps in the case of flash treatments.

Mid-frequency is less sensitive to air-gap dispersion (air-gap reactive power proportional to frequency), and is therefore better suited to difficult geometric contours. We therefore tend to use it, even for low thicknesses (1.5 mm), when working at high power and low interaction time....