5. Lead metal production
Lead concentrates are processed by pyrometallurgy to produce working lead, which is then purified by refining to produce soft lead. Co-products are also recovered during the refining process: silver, copper, zinc, antimony and bismuth.
The processes used to produce lead work involve either :
classic, old-fashioned oxidative and agglomerative roasting, followed by oxide reduction and melting;
which use direct melting in a molten bath.
5.1 Agglomerating mesh and reduction
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This is the oldest process, and up until the 1950s, it was used by all foundries, accounting for almost all world production.
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Lead metal production
Conventional lead production processes
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