7. Industrial applications

7.1 Electricity and electronics

In the manufacture of halogen lamps and electronic tubes, molybdenum is used to produce vacuum-tight seals with quartz and borosilicate glass. Sealing takes place at around 2,100°C; molybdenum has the advantage of being stable at high temperatures in the presence of quartz, resisting the pressure exerted during the operation and, as coefficients of expansion are compatible, thermal stresses are negligible.

Tungsten filaments are wound onto molybdenum...