5. Problems with refractories
The results of secondary metallurgy operations (deoxidation, degassing, desulfurization, etc.) can be altered, sometimes significantly, by the poor behavior of steel ladle refractories. .
Several types of reactions are likely to occur:
dissolution of refractory carbon in steel ;
vacuum dissociation ;
metal-refractory reactions ;
refractory reactions-inclusions ;
refractory-milk reactions.
5.1 Dissolution of refractory carbon in steel
This dissolution can lead to a weakening of the coating and an increase in carbon content,...
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Problems with refractories
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