Thermodynamic equilibrium in steel - Metal/Non-metal

The non-metals used in steelmaking are essentially oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and carbon, to which should be added the devaluing impurity phosphorus.

We will consider in turn :

• equilibria between two condensed phases under temperature-dependent gas pressure;

• dissolution equilibria in which a single condensed phase is in equilibrium with a gas phase.

This article provides engineers with expressions for free enthalpies as a function of temperature. The expressions are simplified for ease of use, but sufficiently accurate for the temperature range considered. The equilibria considered are metal-oxide, metal-sulfide, metal-nitride, metal-carbon and the main metal-phosphide equilibria.

For bibliographical references, please refer to Pour en savoir plus [Doc. M 7 222].