3. Plastic deformation
3.1 Special features
The transformation of ingots into semi-finished products uses conventional processes and tools from the special steels and common metals sector, but with heating equipment and production lines specially adapted to reactive metals.
The special characteristics of Zr and Hf must be taken into account.
Like Ti, they have the property of absorbing oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen at high temperatures: at these temperatures, no protective layer is formed, and diffusion continues at depth, given the high solubility limits. During high-temperature oxidation, a layer of oxides is simultaneously formed on the surface and oxygen is dissolved in the underlying metal. It is therefore necessary to limit heating...
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Plastic deformation
Castings
Bibliography
Standardization
Most standards for zirconium and hafnium metal products, or alloys, are American ASTM standards. A few French standards also exist. Few standards concern hafnium.
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French standards
- Corrosion of metals and alloys – Aqueous corrosion testing of zirconium alloys used in nuclear reactors. - NF EN ISO 10270 - Juillet 2008
- Description and qualification...
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Areva NP
United States
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