5. Powders
The metallurgy of Zr or Hf powders is rather limited, due to their easy flammability and risk of explosion. Three powder production methods are used.
The reduction of various Zr compounds by calcium yields a relatively impure powder used for pyrotechnic applications, but not suitable for making parts by powder metallurgy processes.
Chemical etching with a strong acid (HCl, H 2 SO 4 ) of the Zr-Mg pseudo-alloy from the Kroll reduction removes Mg and yields a completely fine, spherical powder around 10 µm in diameter. With the exception of the residual magnesium content (approx. 1%), this powder has the same purity as sponge and can be compressed and sintered. This powder is mainly used in the armaments...
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Bibliography
Standardization
Most standards for zirconium and hafnium metal products, or alloys, are American ASTM standards. A few French standards also exist. Few standards concern hafnium.
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French standards
- Corrosion of metals and alloys – Aqueous corrosion testing of zirconium alloys used in nuclear reactors. - NF EN ISO 10270 - Juillet 2008
- Description and qualification...
Manufacturers. Suppliers. Distributors
Please refer in particular to the manufacturers' websites:
France
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Areva NP
United States
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