Conclusion

Ordered magnetic materials have properties that can be controlled by various parameters. In the first instance, competition between internal exchange interactions and thermal fluctuations gives rise to spontaneous order, which can be found in several families of materials. In the case of ferromagnetic materials, the resulting magnetization experiences space as anisotropic, due to the symmetry of the crystal and possibly to the constraints and shape of the system, referred to as easy or difficult axes. The magnetization response when a magnetic field is applied depends on the relative orientation of the field to the system's eigenaxes. Reducing the dimensions of the magnetic system to the nanometer scale can reinforce interface interactions, making them just as, if not more, important than volume effects. On a small scale, magnetization becomes sensitive to the spin of conduction electrons...