3. What are the toxic effects on the liver (hepatotoxicity)?

Xenobiotics can disrupt liver function to varying degrees, affecting every cell line. This results in changes in the production and blood balance of hepatic metabolites.

A distinction can be made between metabolic disorders, as evidenced by enzyme imbalances.

• Cytolytic hepatitis is characterized by the destruction of liver cells (hepatocytes), the essential sign of which is an increase in transaminases (alanine transferase and alkaline phosphatase).

• Cholestatic hepatitis is associated with impaired bile elimination, resulting in an increase in bilirubin due to the destruction of hemoglobin in red blood cells (jaundice).

• Damage to hepatocytes and bile ducts results in the accumulation of bile acids in the liver.

• Damage...