1. What are the essential statistical bases for understanding suitability indicators?

In a perfect world, a manufacturing process would produce identical products (entities), and knowledge of just one would enable us to decide on the conformity of a global production. In reality, every process is subject to variations (raw materials, wear and tear, climatic environment, settings, etc.), and these variations in turn generate variations in the characteristics of each entity produced.

To understand the concept of process capability, we need to understand the concept of "random phenomena" and the method that attempts to describe them: statistical inference.