4. Conclusion

Artificial intelligence is profoundly transforming all sectors of activity, from basic science to agriculture, from healthcare to industry, from commerce to marketing. Through its many applications – assisted medical diagnosis, predictive maintenance, satellite image analysis, automated design or personalization of commercial offerings – AI is renewing professional practices, accelerating the production of knowledge and improving efficiency in resource management. Various learning techniques, whether supervised, unsupervised or reinforcement learning, are demonstrating their power to process massive volumes of data and make complex decisions in real time.

These advances also pose new challenges. The reliability of AI systems is becoming a major technical and societal issue, as a number of questions arise around AI, and concern the scientific community, companies...