7. Conclusion

Clearly, in the new century, the context for innovation is radically different. The ideas and inventions that have a direct impact on a company's economy are more numerous outside the company than within it, even for the biggest companies.

Moreover, markets have become international, more competitive, more volatile and more interconnected. Industrial processes have become ever more complex, and product technologies are often multiple, hybrid and integrated. A modern "Smartphone" is covered by almost 300 different patents; this inflation means that we now need to call on several skills and multidisciplinary approaches.

For many companies, the only way to meet the modern challenges of innovation is to open up. To implement collaborations. To embrace the principles and dynamics of open innovation.

In short, openness...