7. Hydrometallurgical recycling

7.1 Process description

Hydrometallurgical processes are based on the dissolution or leaching of chemical elements by an aqueous solution, then their purification by selective adsorption on ion exchangers, liquid-liquid extraction or acid-base or oxidation-reduction precipitation [M 2 235] .

These methods are best suited to closed-loop recycling, as they achieve high levels of purification (99.9%) compatible with direct reuse for battery remanufacturing. They are also well...