1. Lithium-ion batteries

1.1 Lithium-ion battery cell

The lithium-ion battery owes its name to the fact that lithium is present only in the form of ions, which move during charge-discharge cycles between two electrodes, where they are inserted in an electrochemical reaction. The most common model is based on graphite and oxides, which will serve as an example (figure 1 ):

• during discharge, the negative electrode (lithium graphite) oxidizes, a process known as anodic reaction:

  $${\text{LiC}}_6\to {\text{Li}}^{+}+{\text{e}}^{-}+{\text{C}}_6$$

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