7. Protection against internal exposure

Internal exposure results from the incorporation of radionuclides into the body through inhalation, ingestion or injury.

In the workplace, the most frequent risk is linked to the inhalation of radioactive gases or aerosols, the quantities of which will depend directly on the volumetric activities of the ambient air in the laboratory or workshop. Diffusion into the body will depend on particle size and shape (aerodynamic diameter), as well as on the more or less soluble chemical form.

Apart from accidental or incidental situations, direct ingestion in the workplace is rare and, on principle, not tolerable for chronic exposure, especially as pipetting is now automated. However, ingestion can occur through contaminated fingers, for example in the case of smokers or pen-suckers.

Finally, incorporation through contaminated...