2. Drug sources
Long confined to the exploitation of mineral, plant and higher animal environments, as well as to synthetic chemistry, research into new active ingredients is now turning to the marine world, as demonstrated by the launch of the first active ingredients extracted from sponges and tunicates.
2.1 Medicines of mineral origin
Although the mineral kingdom represents a relatively small part of the pharmacopoeia, its use in pharmacy is justified, since many mineral elements are essential for maintaining ionic balance and cellular life (copper, zinc, magnesium... as coenzymes of numerous enzymatic systems). In therapeutics, the use of gold and mercury salts has become anecdotal due to the toxicity of these metals, but certain compounds are still used:
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