3. Production methods
The methods used to extract floral waters and hydrolats are mainly those used to produce essential oils: hydrodistillation and steam distillation.
These alembic methods must be distinguished from maceration techniques, as they do not extract the same substances.
Hydrodistillation and steam distillation extract compounds that are sufficiently volatile to be carried away by steam. In the case of maceration, all water-soluble compounds, whatever their volatility, are extracted.
The chemical compositions, and therefore the properties and toxicity, of hydrolats and macerates can therefore be very different.
3.1 Hydrodistillation and steam distillation
The methods used to obtain hydrolats...
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Production methods
Chemical composition
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Bibliography
Events
Beyond Beauty Events – International trade fairs for beauty and wellness suppliers and brands http://www.beyondbeautyevents.com/bbe/fr/bbe_00_Home.asp
Beauty & Packaging Conference – Perfume and cosmetics packaging http://www.beautepackaging.com/1/fr_FR/page/217
...Standards and norms
- Validation et contrôle de routine pour la stérilisation par l'oxyde d'éthylène - EN 550 AFNOR - 1994
- Cosmetics – Microbiology – Assessment of the antimicrobial protection of a cosmetic product (classification index: T 75-611) - NF T 75-611 - 07-07
- Cosmetics – Microbiology – Detection of Candida albicans (classification index: T 75-607) - NF EN ISO 18416 - 09-09s
- Cosmetics – Microbiology – General...
Regulations
Council Directive 76/768/EEC of July 27, 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products (Cosmetics Directive).
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