1. Certification issues

  The issues at stake are clear and are illustrated in Figure 1 , taken from a European Commission foresight document. Some people suggest that aviation should be allowed to continue using fossil fuels, thereby circumventing the limitations of hydrocarbon reserves and the biosphere's production capacity. This solution seems unrealistic, on the one hand for reasons of solidarity with other means of transport, and on the other hand because of the exemplary role that the aerospace sector must play in driving change across the entire industrial sector. For example, the Wright brothers' Flyer gasoline engine was an aluminum prototype that served as a model for car engines. Similarly, the certification we are considering...