12. Conclusion

The first industrial control systems were designed at a time when the question of cybersecurity might have seemed fanciful. Gradually, however, a few spectacular accidents showed that this problem did exist. About ten years ago, laboratory experiments and the Stuxnet attack proved that significant damage could be caused, and the first standards work provided the beginnings of a solution. The context of industrial cybersecurity is a special one, as technologies and protocols are slow to evolve in the industrial world, given the lifespan of installations.

Today, mastering cybersecurity is a central issue. The regulations that emerged in 2018 impose this, and the threat has become very significant: the recent Triton attack targeting security systems is geared towards creating material damage.

Technical solutions exist, but as in many fields,...