The Josephson junction consists of a thin insulating barrier separating two superconductors. As long as the applied current I does not exceed a critical current I
c
, the Cooper pairs can tunnel through the insulating barrier without developing a voltage across it. The macroscopic wave function undergoes, across the junction, a phase difference θ given by (first Josephson relation):
( 3 )
By interrupting a superconducting ring with one or two Josephson junctions, it is possible to visualize a radio-frequency...
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SQUID operating principle
