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Chantal GUNTHER: Lecturer GREYC (Groupe de Recherches en Informatique, Image, Automatique et Instrumentation de Caen) UMR 6072 CNRS, ENSICAEN (École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs de Caen)
INTRODUCTION
This article is a new edition of the text written by Daniel Bloyet and Chantal Gunther.
SQUIDs (Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices) are extremely sensitive superconducting magnetic flux detectors with a wide range of applications: mainly low-current or low-voltage measurements, thermometry, biomagnetism, magnetic property measurements and non-destructive testing.
These are devices whose measuring head (the SQUID itself) operates at low temperature, in most cases at 4.2 K (the boiling temperature of liquid helium at atmospheric pressure) or up to 90 K thanks to the new high-temperature superconducting materials discovered in 1986.
Their operating principle is based on two phenomena: the quantization of magnetic flux through a superconducting loop, and the Josephson effect. Excellent descriptions of SQUID operating principles and applications can be found in the bibliographic references. The continuous SQUID is currently the most widely developed, whether based on low- or high-temperature superconductors; a simplified presentation is given here.
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SQUIDs and their applications
Introduction. Quantifying the flux through a superconducting loop
Bibliography
References
Books and magazines
Superconducting Electronics. Edited by Harold Weinstock and Martin Nisenoff NATO ASI Series. Series F: Computer and Systems Sciences, Vol. 59 (1989).
Superconducting Devices. Edited by Steven T. Ruggiero and David A. Rudman. Academic Press, Inc, New York (1990).
The New Superconducting Electronics. Edited by Harold Weinstock and Richard W. Ralston. NATO ASI Series....
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