Development of chemical field-effect transistors for enzymatic detection

Over the last few decades, we have witnessed a trend in many scientific fields towards greater operational and decision-making reliability. This trend is linked, on the one hand, to the explosion in computer systems and, on the other, to the increasing complexity and miniaturization of electronic systems. In the context of analysis, electronics technologies have naturally come up against multidisciplinary challenges involving physics, chemistry and/or biology. Microtechnologies were thus born, enabling the creation of "multi-physical/chemical" systems based on basic components from microelectronics, micromechanics and/or integrated optics. The MOSFET (metal-oxide-silicon field effect transistor), an elementary component of silicon microelectronics, has been no exception to the rule, and numerous specific developments have been devoted to it, leading to the miniaturization of analysis techniques. The aim of this article is to present the development of ChemFETs (chemical field effect transistors) for liquid-phase analysis, and in particular their adaptation to enzymatic detection.