Conclusion

It follows from observation of the biogeochemical carbon cycles that effective carbon sequestration technology must ultimately lead to carbon storage in the lithosphere, beyond the reach of the atmosphere and the terrestrial and aquatic biosphere. The deployment of carbon-fixing technologies through the practice of industrial ecology is necessary for the transition of our societies to a post-carbon economy and for the mitigation of GHG emissions from human activities. However, these do not provide a solution as regards global warming and the decrease in atmospheric CO ₂ levels towards a pre-industrial value. Faced with the challenge of sequestering past CO ₂ emissions that have accumulated in the atmosphere, the development and promotion of innovative processes combining phototrophic (autotrophic)...