4. Characteristics and properties of spirulina

4.1 Nutritional composition

The biochemical composition of spirulina is as follows: 55 to 70% protein, 15 to 20% carbohydrates, 4 to 7% lipids, and 9 to 11% vitamins, minerals, and pigments. It is remarkable for its high protein content, the presence of 8 essential amino acids, omega-6 (polyunsaturated fatty acids), pro-vitamin A, vitamin E, β-carotene, vitamin B12, an enzyme, superoxide dismutase and phycocyanin, as well as trace elements that are mineral micronutrients, such as potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, and zinc, which are antioxidants. On the other hand, it contains no omega-3, iodine, or vitamin C (table 1 ).