3. Implementation

3.1 Operation of conventional facilities

• Step 1 – Cleaning the ponds

  This is a very important step, as it helps prevent the presence of bacteria and other microorganisms that could affect the quality of the crop. High-pressure cleaners are used, possibly with a disinfectant, followed by rinsing of the basin.

  At the industrial level, the inner walls of the photobioreactor tubes are cleaned using an ultrasonic sonotrode that is pressed against the outer surface of the tubes. This sonotrode moves along the tubes, coupling ultrasonic vibrations to the glass and causing the glass itself to vibrate. This removes microbial biofilms from the inner surface of the tubes.

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