2. Flow chart presentation

Handcrafted or homemade production is based on several techniques, which are only mentioned in this article:

• from milk, place the saucepan on a hot plate (good results, but takes 3 to 4 hours to cook);

• from sweetened condensed milk, the microwave oven (disappointing result in 20 min, insufficient browning, pasty, grainy texture), bain-marie (good result but 1 h 30 to 2 h), fan-assisted oven at 220 °C with bain-marie and a sheet of aluminium foil to cover the glass dish (insufficient browning in 1 h);

• finally, a can of sweetened condensed milk immersed in water in a saucepan (100°C/2 h 30) or in a pressure cooker (110°C/50 min) (good results, but less marked browning).

At semi-industrial or industrial level, there are several ways of making...