The economics of district heating

District heating network ? District heating

Figure 1 - Heat
supply system categories

Figure 2 - Variation
of efficiencies with load for a GV steam generator and a CES superheated
water boiler plant

Figure 3 - Hot
water generator with generator pump and mains pump

Figure 4 - Variation
in efficiency for different hot water boiler systems

Figure 5 - Condensing
hot water boilers

Figure 6 - Converting a conventional hot water boiler
room into a condensing boiler room

Figure 7 - Diagram
of a cogeneration plant with back-pressure TV and adjustable extraction

Figure 8 - Schematic
diagram of a basic cogeneration plant with condensing steam turbine
and controllable extraction.

Figure 9 - Diagram
of a cogeneration plant with combustion turbine

Figure 10 - Diagram of a cogeneration plant with internal combustion engine

Figure 11 - Underground geothermal system. Schematic diagrams

Figure 12 - Variation in soil temperature with depth and month

Figure 13 - Ground-to-water
heat pump with horizontal collector

Figure 14 - Ground-to-water heat
pump with vertical collector

Figure 16 - Comparison of different thermal substation layouts