Conclusion

This article presents the issue of metering in smart grids. Technological innovations designed to promote a reliable, economical and environmentally-friendly supply of electrical energy are discussed. In particular, the PMU concept is described. The deployment of PMUs across the entire network enables real-time modeling of the state of the power grid. This represents the first major challenge for the monitoring and control of smart grids. A range of measurement equipment and analysis and control tools is presented.

However, network intelligence implies a new bidirectional operating scheme. Due to their inhomogeneities, renewable energies are introduced at various points in the network. This calls for attention to be paid to network infrastructure as well as to the quality of the energy produced and its storage mechanisms. However, as electricity is difficult to...