3. Local impacts: health risks
Local pollution (near emission sources), whether urban or industrial, mainly poses risks to health, although its impact on architectural heritage and property should not be overlooked. The effects associated with high levels of pollution, such as those encountered in the 1950s and 1970s, are no longer seen today.
Four thousand deaths were attributed to the London smog of 1954, when SO 2 levels exceeded 2,000 µg/m 3 (compared to the current guideline values recommended by the WHO in the table 3 ).
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Local impacts: health risks
Regional impacts: risks to health and ecosystems
