5. Conclusion

Because of its economic, social and environmental impact, the movement of people remains a major challenge for the 21st century. Indeed, the trend is towards greater mobility, despite the fact that modes of transport are essentially based on fossil fuels with finite capacity and heavy impacts on the environment and people's health.

The scarcity of petroleum products is leading to an increase in the cost of travel in household budgets. Entire sections of the population living on the outskirts of major conurbations are finding themselves in a precarious economic situation, as work, which is indispensable, is the primary reason for their daily commute.

The model of society that has been promoted until now, based on a fossil fuel economy, is showing its limits. The need for a global, cross-functional approach that reconciles regional planning,...