1. Obsolescence and scarcity: twin disruptors of industry and society

By 2022, obsolescence will be affecting a large number of sectors: aeronautics, automotive, energy, arms, telecommunications, and so on. The shortage of raw materials and components and the Diminishing Manufacturing Sources and Material Shortages (DMSMS) triggered by the first COVID-19 containment, and successively aggravated by the blocking of the Suez Canal and the war in Ukraine (which began in February 2022), and more generally by international crises and instabilities, are paralyzing many supply chains.

Obsolescence means being outdated, useless or unused, while scarcity refers to the scarcity of raw materials or physical components. These two disruptive phenomena have been shown to have many similarities