4. Settling
Once the floc has formed, solid-liquid separation must be carried out to obtain clarified water on one side and sludge (initial colloidal particles + floc) on the other. This is generally achieved by allowing gravity to act on the suspended particles, then collecting the clear water at the top of the device while removing the sedimented sludge from the bottom: this is known as decantation
In certain specific cases, where the floc is light or "attached" to microbubbles, flotation is used (§
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Settling
Flotation
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