1. Industrial processes and cooling

The production of electricity, steel, paper, processed foodstuffs, petrochemicals and chemicals all require energy for changes of state and transformations of raw materials. Cooling is the next stage in these transformations, returning these materials to a solid or liquid state compatible with their handling in a continuous process.

The quality of cooling is one of the fundamental parameters for the proper management of production units, their production capacity, the quality of finished products and the reduction of maintenance costs. The exchange efficiency of a cooling circuit is one of the fundamental elements of a production manager's dashboard. A low level of corrosion reassures investors about the long-term viability of the plant.

To these purely economic criteria have been added health and environmental constraints which, if not...