Water technologies

The latest publications in this offer are:

• August 10, 2026

  G1452

  Economic aspects of sewage sludge management

  This article addresses the economic aspects of managing sludge from wastewater treatment. It analyses the various internal costs - investment, operation, finance and administration - and external costs - environmental and health -, as well as opportunity costs. It details the economic tools that can inform decision-making between different options, emphasises the importance of internalising externalities through taxes and standards, and considers the impact on water prices. It emphasises the need for a comprehensive approach that considers sustainability, public health protection, and social solidarity.

• August 10, 2026

  G1172

  Water treatment before use - Systems and applications

  This article aims to describe all the unit processes in water treatment systems. These treatments can range from simple roughing for wash water to advanced treatment for obtaining ultrapure water in the pharmaceutical industry, including clarification or refining treatments for drinking water. Applications in several industries, including paper mills, aerospace, food processing, and steelmaking, illustrate the diversity of these processes.

• May 21, 2026

  W6500 Reviewed

  Dynamic modeling of the biological processes for water treatment

  Biological processes with suspended biomass of the activated sludge type are used for the treatment of urban or industrial wastewaters. These processes are generally based upon equations of "matter" assessments constructed on the hypothesis of a permanent regime. However, these systems are the subject of constant disturbances: high variation in pollutant load, discontinuity of certain operations. The dynamic analysis of the biological processes for wastewater treatment is thus essential in order to understand the real operating of units and optimize the dimensioning parameters.

• May 10, 2026

  W7000

  Reuse and valorisation of Wastewater - Challenges, Issues, and Prospects

  Water reuse (treated wastewater, rainwater, graywater, industrial water, etc.) is emerging as an essential solution to address the growing challenges associated with water resource management and usage. In a context marked by climate change, population pressure, and the increasing scarcity of water resources, this practice is part of a transition toward a circular economy and sustainable resource management. It involves repurposing non-conventional water—derived from domestic, industrial, or urban processes—by giving it a second life for various uses: agricultural irrigation, urban cleaning, industrial cooling, and even the production of drinking water.

• May 10, 2026

  W110

  Characteristics and properties of waters - Pure water, natural waters

  It should be borne in mind that water, this liquid which is so familiar, has extremely specific characteristics which are above all essential to the survival of man. Although of an unremarkable appearance, it is also the most complex fluid. After presenting a brief historical overview of human knowledge on the composition and structure of the water molecule, this article reviews its different states - solid, liquid, gaseous - and the different ways in which the molecules are organized according to these various states. It then details the physical properties - mass density, density, surface tension, thermal and electrical properties - as well as the physicochemical and biological properties of water.

• March 10, 2026

  P3910

  Bio-based techniques for water analysis

  There is currently an increasing need for fast and cost-effective analytical methods suitable for water pollutants monitoring and toxicological impact assessment. In this context, some techniques based on the specific properties of whole cells, enzymes, antibodies, DNA, biopolymers or materials of natural origin, appear as excellent alternatives or complementary techniques to classical chemical methods. This article will be more particularly focused on biosensors and biosorbents (principles, advantages and limitations, application to water quality assessment, new trends).

• March 10, 2026

  G1451

  Final disposal of sewage sludge

  The management of sewage sludge from wastewater treatment poses major environmental and regulatory challenges. Various solutions exist: agricultural reuse, thermal treatment, landfill or industrial reuse, each with advantages and limitations depending on the composition of the sludge and the local context. Changing standards are driving a shift towards innovative and sustainable solutions that combine safety, performance and respect for the environment.

• February 10, 2026

  G1171

  Water treatment before use. Dissolved matter

  This article relates to the treatment operations for the elimination of dissolved substances present in natural fresh water used as raw material in industry and the production of drinking water. The main processes are described and grouped by major physicochemical reaction (gas-liquid exchange, oxidation, adsorption, ion exchange, equilibrium, membranes), the operations are explained as well as the expected performances and drawbacks. A final chapter is devoted to a synthesis by dissolved substance, the interest of which is to quickly identify the process(es) allowing its elimination or transformation.

• November 10, 2025

  G1450

  Characteristics and treatment of wastewater sludge

  This article provides an overview of the characteristics and treatment methods for sewage sludge, covering physical, chemical and biological aspects. It examines the various techniques used to reduce sludge volumes. Methods include thickening, dewatering, drying and biological processes such as anaerobic digestion. Stabilisation techniques are also discussed, focusing on liming, aerobic stabilisation and composting.

• November 10, 2025

  G1170

  Water treatment before use. Particulate matter

  This article relates to the treatment operations for the elimination of insoluble - or particulate - substances present in natural fresh water used as raw material in industry and the production of drinking water. All of these operations are generally grouped under the name of “water clarification”. The processes used are purely mechanical and physical (screening, natural decantation and flotation, filtration) or physicochemical (coagulation-flocculation coupled with a liquid-solid separation technique, dissolved air flotation). The operations are explained (theoretically) and described (technologically), with the expected performances and the main malfunctions.

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