3. Liquid fuel systems
This section focuses on liquid fuels such as diesel-oil, gas-oil and heavy fuel oil, which are used in over 90% of all ships. Other liquid fuels such as methanol, ethanol and LPG, which are still only marginally used, will not be discussed.
3.1 Diesel and heavy fuel oil
Heavy fuel oil is a refinery residue that may undergo catalytic cracking treatments, mainly to remove excess sulfur and comply with international specifications (ISO 8217-2017). It can also be mixed with distillate products, diesel-oil or gas-oil, resulting from the distillation of petroleum.
Environmental regulations have led the market to distinguish between different categories of fuel depending on the level of sulphur in the fuel:
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Liquid fuel systems
Gaseous fuel system
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