3. Application to organic synthesis

For many years, sonochemistry in homogeneous solution has been of limited interest for organic synthesis. Early studies, mainly in aqueous media, produced disappointing results with uncertain interpretation, mediocre yields and low selectivities. On the other hand, as the mechanical effects of cavitation in two-phase systems are easier to predict, many authors have long neglected reactions in solution, considering sonochemistry as a very useful means of agitation in heterogeneous chemistry.

Finally, to explain the phenomena observed when using ultrasound in organic chemistry, reactions have been separated into three distinct categories, sometimes called "types", of sonochemical reactions .

• Reactions in homogeneous media are known as Type I reactions. They take place in the vicinity of a cavitation...